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Digitisation of card catalogues led to unexpected discovery at the University Library

Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium from the 16th century.
Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium from the 16th century.

Through its extensive digitisation of older card catalogues, Lund University Library has made an unexpected discovery: a copy of astronomer Copernicus' famous work from the 16th century, which presents the theory that the Earth revolves around the Sun. The discovery was made possible thanks to the new full-text search in Catalogue-1957, which makes the library's older material much more accessible.

Since 2022, the University Library has been working on digitising and AI transcribing the extensive Catalogue-1957, a central catalogue of the library's older collections. The newly developed search function makes it possible to find information that was previously difficult or impossible to discover in microfilms and analogue cards.

"We have long known that Cat-57 contains enormous amounts of knowledge, but much of it has been practically hidden. Now we can search the entire transcribed text – not just individual indexed keywords," says Kristian Knutsson, librarian at the University Library.

The new search system, Digitised Card Catalogues, also makes the material open and searchable for everyone.

Unexpected hit in free text search

When a large order of older scientific literature came in, University Library librarian Mats Larsson did a free text search in the recently digitised Catalogue-1957. An entry appeared showing that De revolutionibus had been in the collections all along – but under the wrong name.

“The work was bound together with Heinrich Münster’s Rudimenta mathematica and was therefore sorted under Münster, both in the physical and the previously digitised catalogue. That’s why it was never possible to find it through a normal search,” says Mats Larsson.

The librarians were then able to confirm that the volume was on the shelf and that Copernicus' text was included in it.

The catalogue card which was found by the librarian.
Image: The catalogue card that librarian Mats Larsson found when he did his free text search.

"This is exactly how digitisation should work"

The discovery of Copernicus' famous work is a concrete example of the power of making older catalogue material searchable using modern methods. 

"We are opening doors to collections that were previously difficult to overview and creating entirely new opportunities for research. This is exactly how digitisation should work. It should give us new access to the material," says Kristian Knutsson. 

He humbly says that it is gratifying that the University Library found this particular work, but he believes that the methodology is what is really important. 

“It shows the potential of making even large and impenetrable catalogues machine-searchable. 

Hear librarian Kristian Knutsson tell the story about the discovery.

About Catalogue –1957

  • Started: 1884
  • Comprises approx. 1.5 million catalogue cards
  • Digitised using high-resolution scanning, AI transcription and metadata extraction
  • The new search system

About Copernicus' work

Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium from the 16th century is considered one of the most important works in the history of science, putting forward the theory that the Earth revolves around the Sun and not vice versa. In 1610, the book was added to the Catholic Church's list of banned books and was not removed until 1758. 

Over a period of 35 years, Harvard professor Owen Gingerich conducted a worldwide inventory of all known remaining copies of the work. Gingerich never examined the copy in Lund because he was unaware of its existence. Now, with the help of the digitisation of the card catalogue, we can add another known copy of De Revolutionibus to the list.